"Since President Gustavo Petro came to power, cocaine production in Colombia has exploded to the highest rate in decades, flooding the United States and poisoning Americans," Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said in a statement on Friday.
"President Petro has allowed drug cartels to flourish and refused to stop this activity. Today, President Trump is taking strong action to protect our nation and make clear that we will not tolerate the trafficking of drugs into our nation."
Petro said on X he had sought to fight drug trafficking for decades.
"Fighting drug trafficking for decades, and effectively, has brought me this measure from the government of the very society we helped so much to stop their cocaine consumption," he said.
"A complete paradox - but not one step back, and never on our knees."
The action adds Petro to a list of world leaders under US sanctions, alongside Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, Russian President Vladimir Putin and others.
Petro's wife and son and Armando Benedetti, Colombia's interior minister, were also hit with sanctions on Friday under the authority that allows Washington to target those it accuses of being involved in the global illicit drug trade.
Last weekend, Trump threatened to raise tariffs on Colombia and said on Wednesday that all funding to the country had been halted.
